Journal: Kidney & Blood Pressure Research

Article Title: GDF11 Improves Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Regulating Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization

doi: 10.1159/000529444

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of AKI induced by I/R on GDF11 expression. a The protein expression of GDF11 in mouse kidney tissue was detected by IHC. The brown color in IHC represented the positive staining of GDF11. b The protein expression of GDF11 in mouse kidney tissue was detected by WB. c The mRNA level of GDF11 in kidney tissues was detected by q-PCR. Normal, normal group; Sham, sham group; I/R 1D, 1 day after I/R; I/R 3D, 3 days after I/R; I/R7D, 7 days after I/R. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; NS, p > 0.05 compared with the sham group.

Article Snippet: Recombinant GDF11 was purchased from Abnova (Taiwan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining

Journal: Kidney & Blood Pressure Research

Article Title: GDF11 Improves Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Regulating Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization

doi: 10.1159/000529444

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flow cytometry assay of the effect of GDF11 on M1/M2 polarization of macrophages in vitro.

Article Snippet: Recombinant GDF11 was purchased from Abnova (Taiwan, China).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, In Vitro

Journal: Kidney & Blood Pressure Research

Article Title: GDF11 Improves Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Regulating Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization

doi: 10.1159/000529444

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of GDF11 on the serum levels of cytokines after I/R treatment. The serum levels of IL-6 ( a ), IL-1β ( b ), TNF-α ( c ), IL-4 ( d ), IL-10 ( e ), and TGF-β ( f ) were measured. Normal, normal group; Sham, sham group; I/R 1D, 1 day after I/R; I/R 3D, 3 days after I/R; I/R 7D, 7 days after I/R. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; NS, p > 0.05 compared with the sham group.

Article Snippet: Recombinant GDF11 was purchased from Abnova (Taiwan, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Kidney & Blood Pressure Research

Article Title: GDF11 Improves Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Regulating Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization

doi: 10.1159/000529444

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo study of the effect of GDF11 treatment on M1/M2 polarization of macrophages in I/R mouse model.

Article Snippet: Recombinant GDF11 was purchased from Abnova (Taiwan, China).

Techniques: In Vivo

Journal: Development (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: The function of growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11) in rostrocaudal patterning of the developing spinal cord.

doi: 10.1242/dev.02478

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Expression of Gdf11 in the neural tube causes rostral displacement of Hox expression domains. (A-H) Hoxc6-Hoxc10 expression in longitudinally sectioned (A-D), and in cross-sectioned (E-H) spinal cords taken from HH stage 25 embryos 3 days after Gdf11 electroporation. The electroporated side (on the right in all panels) is marked by GFP expression. White arrows indicate the caudal expression limit of Hoxc6 (A) and the rostral expression limits of Hoxc9 (C) and Hoxc10 (D) in the control side. Yellow arrows indicate the caudal expression limits of Hoxc6 (A) and Hoxc8 (B) in the electroporated side. (A,C) The same section double labeled with Hoxc6 and Hoxc9. Broken lines in A-D indicate the RC levels of sections (E- H). (E,G) The same section double labeled with Hoxc6 and Hoxc9; (F,H) the same section double labeled with Hoxc8 and Hoxc10. (I) A diagram depicts the normal Hox expression domains in the control (CTL) side and the rostral displacement of Hox expression domains in the Gdf11 electroporated side (EXP) of the spinal cord. Brackets indicate the RC levels of A-D. Position of the limbs is represented by gray-colored areas. Scale bar: 100 m. (J-M) Hoxc6- Hoxc10 expression and (J-M) GFP expression in HH stage 15-17 embryos 20-24 hours after Gdf11 electroporation. The electroporated side is towards the bottom of the panels. Red and green arrows indicate the rostral limit of Hoxc6-Hoxc10 expression in the electroporated and the control side, respectively. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Gdf11 (R&D Systems) was added at various concentrations to F12 culture media supplemented with 2 mM glucose, N2 supplement, L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen).

Techniques: Expressing, Electroporation, Control, Labeling

Journal: Development (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: The function of growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11) in rostrocaudal patterning of the developing spinal cord.

doi: 10.1242/dev.02478

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Expression of Gdf11 in the neural tube results in rostral displacement of motor neuron column and pool positions. (A) Raldh2 and (B) Pea3 expression in the spinal cord and (C,D) neurofilament (3A10) staining in HH stage 29 embryos 5 days after Gdf11electroporation. The electroporated side (EXP) is on the right of all panels, while the control side (CTL) is on the left. Rostral is towards the top and caudal is towards the bottom. White brackets indicate the origins of the spinal nerves that innervate the forelimbs in C and the hindlimbs in D. Green asterisks mark the first (C) and the last (D) spinal nerves that innervate the thoracic levels. Broken black lines mark the rostral boundaries of the hindlimbs in D. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Gdf11 (R&D Systems) was added at various concentrations to F12 culture media supplemented with 2 mM glucose, N2 supplement, L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Control

Journal: Development (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: The function of growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11) in rostrocaudal patterning of the developing spinal cord.

doi: 10.1242/dev.02478

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Caudal displacement of Hox expression domains, motoneuron column and pool positions in Gdf11–/– spinal cord. (A-D) Hoxc8 and Hoxc10 expression in flat-mounted open-book preparations of spinal cords isolated from E12.5 control (A,C) and Gdf11–/– (B,D) mouse embryos. Rostral is towards the top and caudal is towards the bottom. The caudal boundary of Hoxc8 expression is indicated by arrows in A,B, while the Hoxc10 expression domain is located between arrows in C,D. (E-H) Raldh2 and Pea3 expression in flat-mounted open-book preparations of spinal cords isolated from E13.5 control (E,G) and Gdf11–/– (F,H) mouse embryos. Rostral is towards the top and caudal is towards the bottom. Arrows indicate the expression boundaries of Raldh2 and Pea3. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Gdf11 (R&D Systems) was added at various concentrations to F12 culture media supplemented with 2 mM glucose, N2 supplement, L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen).

Techniques: Expressing, Isolation, Control

Journal: Development (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: The function of growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11) in rostrocaudal patterning of the developing spinal cord.

doi: 10.1242/dev.02478

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Caudal displacement and expansion of Hox protein expression domains in Gdf11–/– mouse embryos. (A-J) Hoxc6- Hoxc10 expression in cross-sectioned E12.5 ventral spinal cords isolated from Gdf11+/+ (A,C,E,G,I) and Gdf11–/– (B,D,F,H,J) mouse embryos. Motoneurons and dorsal root ganglia are marked by Isl1 or Isl1/2 expression. (K) A diagram depicts the Hox expression domains in Gdf+/+

Article Snippet: Recombinant Gdf11 (R&D Systems) was added at various concentrations to F12 culture media supplemented with 2 mM glucose, N2 supplement, L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen).

Techniques: Expressing, Isolation

Journal: Development (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: The function of growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11) in rostrocaudal patterning of the developing spinal cord.

doi: 10.1242/dev.02478

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. Expression of a constitutively activated Smad2 (Smad2-2E) induces caudal Hox protein expression at the expense of rostral Hox protein expression. (A-C) Western analyses of pSmad1/5/8 and pSmad2/3 levels in neural plate explants treated with Gdf11 (A), in Gdf11 electroporated chick embryos (B) and in E9.5 Gdf11–/– mouse embryos (C). (D-M) Hoxc6-Hoxc10 expression in longitudinally sectioned (D-H) and in cross-sectioned (I-M) HH stage 25 spinal cords 3 days after Smad2-2E electroporation. The electroporated side (on the right in all panels) is marked by GFP expression. Enlarged image of boxed areas are shown below each panel. White arrows indicate the inhibition of Hoxc6 (D,I) and Hoxc8 (E,J) expression, and the induction of Hoxc9 (F,K) and Hoxc10 (G,L) expression by Smad2-2E expression. Double labeling of Hoxc6 and Hoxc9 (H,M) demonstrate the Hoxc9+ cells (white arrows) induced by Smad2-2E in the Hoxc6 domain do not express Hoxc6. (D,F,H) The same section; (I,K,M) the same section. Scale bars: 50 m.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Gdf11 (R&D Systems) was added at various concentrations to F12 culture media supplemented with 2 mM glucose, N2 supplement, L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin (Invitrogen).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Electroporation, Inhibition, Labeling

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Stabilizing histamine release in gut mast cells mitigates peripheral and central inflammation after stroke

doi: 10.1186/s12974-023-02887-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Information of antibodies

Article Snippet: Recombinant Human GDF11 protein (ab50159) , abcam ab50159 , 1:1000.

Techniques: Recombinant

Journal: Frontiers in endocrinology

Article Title: Acute endurance exercise modulates growth differentiation factor 11 in cerebrospinal fluid of healthy young adults.

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137048

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 1 An acute bout of endurance exercise (90 min run) modified the levels of GDF11 in cerebrospinal fluid but not in circulation of healthy trained volunteers. GDF11 levels were assessed by immunoblotting, using three different primary antibodies: (A) GDF11-specific N-terminus antibody (CSF, n=12/12, B/R, p=0.046); (B) GDF11-specific C-terminus antibody (CSF, n=13/13, B/R, p=0.008); (C) GDF11/8 antibody (CSF, n=12/12, B/R, p=0.065); (D) GDF11-specific N-terminus antibody (serum, n= 14/14/14, B/0/R); (E) GDF11-C-terminus antibody (plasma, n=13/13/13, B/0/R); (F) GDF11- specific N-terminus antibody (plasma, n=14/14/13, B/0/R); Due to the lack of space, molecular weight ladders are not visible in Figures 1D–F and therefore, the molecular weights of GDF11 are in this case approximate, based on our validation studies of antibodies. B, Basal, before run; R, after run; A.U., signal intensity; GDF, Growth Differentiation Factor. Immunoblotting of all samples was performed under identical conditions. Statistical differences were analysed using paired Student’s t-test. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, #p<0.1 (A–C).

Article Snippet: To corroborate the findings, GDF11 C-terminus specific monoclonal antibody was used (recombinant human GDF11 aa299-407, 1:1000, R&D systems, MAB19581, USA) (sample set B, n=13; overlap between A & B sample sets: n=7, Supplementary Figure 1B).

Techniques: Western Blot, Clinical Proteomics, Molecular Weight, Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Frontiers in endocrinology

Article Title: Acute endurance exercise modulates growth differentiation factor 11 in cerebrospinal fluid of healthy young adults.

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137048

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2 Running-induced decrease of blood-brain barrier permeability (CSF/serum albumin ratio). n=17. (albumin values were not measured in CSF of one individual, and two individuals had CSF available only after the run) (A); its association with CSF/serum GDF11 ratio (B); and CSF/serum GDF11/8 ratio (C). CSF, Cerebrospinal Fluid; GDF, Growth Differentiation Factor. ***p<0.001; Open circles - before run; Full circles - after run.

Article Snippet: To corroborate the findings, GDF11 C-terminus specific monoclonal antibody was used (recombinant human GDF11 aa299-407, 1:1000, R&D systems, MAB19581, USA) (sample set B, n=13; overlap between A & B sample sets: n=7, Supplementary Figure 1B).

Techniques: Permeability

Journal: Frontiers in endocrinology

Article Title: Acute endurance exercise modulates growth differentiation factor 11 in cerebrospinal fluid of healthy young adults.

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137048

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 3 Heat map depicting associations between levels of GDF11 and clinical parameters, as well as their running-induced changes. Data were analyzed using GDF11-specific N-terminus antibody (paired serum samples n=14; paired CSF samples n=12, unpaired CSF samples available only after run n=2). BMI, body mass index; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GDF, Growth Differentiation Factor; HRmax, maximal heart rate; S-CK, serum creatinkinase; R, correlation coefficient; VO2max, maximal aerobic capacity. Coefficients of significant correlations (p<0.05) or trends (p<0.1) are presented in numbers.

Article Snippet: To corroborate the findings, GDF11 C-terminus specific monoclonal antibody was used (recombinant human GDF11 aa299-407, 1:1000, R&D systems, MAB19581, USA) (sample set B, n=13; overlap between A & B sample sets: n=7, Supplementary Figure 1B).

Techniques: